IIT JAM 2026 Syllabus, Subject-wise Topics & Download PDF

Subject

Topics

Biology

• Cell Biology: Prokaryotic/eukaryotic cell structure, membrane function, organelles, protein trafficking, cell signaling, ECM, apoptosis, cell cycle (mitosis, meiosis). Biochemistry: Macromolecules, allostery, enzyme kinetics, bioenergetics, metabolism (glycolysis, TCA cycle, etc.).
• Genetics: Mendel's laws, inheritance patterns, pedigree analysis, genetic recombination, gene mapping, plant breeding. Molecular Biology: DNA as genetic material, replication, repair, recombination, transcription, translation, gene expression regulation (operons).
• Evolution: Natural selection, population genetics, speciation, phylogenetic classification, origin of life. Microbiology: Isolation, cultivation, structural features of microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi), pathogens, microbial metabolism, growth kinetics, microbial genetics.
• Plant Biology: Tissues, organs, growth, transport, nutrition, development of flowering plants, plant hormones, photobiology, stress response.
• Animal Biology: Systems (digestive, circulatory, etc.), immunology, animal development (fertilization, gastrulation, differentiation).
• Ecology: Biomes, population density, community interactions, ecosystems, ecological remediation.
• Biotechnology: Plant tissue culture, animal cloning, recombinant DNA applications.
• Methods in Biology: Microscopy, staining, spectrophotometry, chromatography, electrophoresis, Western blotting, DNA cloning, PCR, hybridization, DNA sequencing.

Chemistry

• Structure and Properties of Atoms: Bohr's theory, periodicity.
• Bonding in Molecules: Chemical bonding, complex formation, molecular interactions.
• Chemical Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Equilibrium: Equilibrium, thermodynamics (first and second law), kinetics (zero and first order).
• Physical and Chemical Properties of Compounds: Catalysis, acid-base concepts, pH, buffers, electronic effects (inductive, electrometric), resonance, photochemistry, electrochemistry.
• Chemistry of Organic Compounds: Hydrocarbons, halides, alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids, amines, aromatics, soaps, detergents, stereochemistry.
• Instrumental Techniques: Spectroscopy: Fundamentals of spectroscopy, UV-Vis, IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, calorimetry, crystallography.

Mathematics

• Algebra: Sets, relations, functions, induction, logarithms, complex numbers, equations (linear, quadratic), sequences, series, permutations, combinations, binomial theorem, matrices, determinants, Boolean algebra.
• Calculus: Functions, limits, continuity, differentiation, ordinary differential equations, application of derivatives, integration (definite and indefinite), methods of integration.
• Trigonometry: Trigonometric functions. Coordinate Geometry: Cartesian system, straight lines, 3D geometry. Vectors: Vector algebra.
• Statistics: Measures of dispersion (mean deviation, variance, standard deviation), analysis of frequency distribution.
• Probability: Random experiments, events, axiomatic approach, conditional probability, independent events, Bayes' theorem, random variables, binomial distributions.

Physics

• Mechanics: Units, measurements, motion, laws of motion, work, kinetic energy, conservation of energy, rotational motion, properties of solids and fluids.
• Heat and Thermodynamics: Thermal properties, laws of thermodynamics, kinetic theory of gases.
• Electricity and Magnetism: Electric charge, field, potential, capacitance, current, resistance, circuits, magnetic field, magnetism, electromagnetic induction, AC.
• Optics: Geometrical optics (reflection, refraction, lenses), wave optics (interference, diffraction, polarization, Young's experiment).
• Modern Physics: Dual nature of radiation and matter, atoms, nuclei, nuclear physics.
• Electronics: Semiconductor materials, devices, and circuits.

Subject

Topics

Physical Chemistry

• Atomic and Molecular Structure: Planck’s black body radiation, photoelectric effect, Bohr’s theory, de Broglie postulate, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle; Schrödinger’s wave equation, postulates of quantum mechanics, wave functions, operators; particle in a one-dimension box, wave functions for hydrogen atom, energy spectrum; shapes of orbitals (s, p, d, f); Pauli’s Exclusion Principle; Hund’s rule.
• Gaseous State: Kinetic molecular model, collision frequency, mean free path, viscosity; Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution; ideal gases and deviations (van der Waals equation), critical state.
• Liquid State: Physical properties of liquids, vapor pressure, surface tension, viscosity and their applications, effect of solutes and temperature on viscosity.
• Solid State: Unit cells, Miller indices, crystal systems, Bravais Lattices; X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s Law, structures of NaCl, CsCl, KCl, diamond, graphite; close packing; semiconductors, insulators; defects, lattice energy.
• Chemical Thermodynamics: Exact/in-exact differentials, laws of thermodynamics, thermochemistry, thermodynamic functions (enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy); partial molar quantities, chemical potential. Chemical and Phase
• Equilibria: Law of mass action, Kp, Kc, Kx, Kn; Le-Chatelier principle; ionic equilibria, pH, buffer solutions, salt hydrolysis, solubility product; Raoult’s and Henry’s Laws, colligative properties; Gibbs phase rule, phase diagrams.
• Electrochemistry: Conductivity, molar conductivity, Kohlrausch law; Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation; ionic velocities, transference numbers; Faraday’s laws; Nernst equation; standard electrode potential, electrochemical series, concentration cells.
• Chemical Kinetics: Order and molecularity, differential/integrated rate expressions; kinetics of opposing, parallel, consecutive reactions; steady state approximation, chain reactions, unimolecular reaction (Lindemann); Arrhenius equation, activation energy; collision theory; catalysis (solid surfaces, enzyme, acid-base).
• Adsorption: Gibbs adsorption equation, adsorption isotherm, types of adsorption, surface area, surface films.
• Spectroscopy: Beer-Lambert’s law; fundamental concepts of rotational, vibrational, electronic and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Organic Chemistry

• Basic Concepts and Stereochemistry: Electronic effects (resonance, inductive, hyperconjugation), steric effects; optical isomerism (allenes, biphenyls); conformation of acyclic and cyclic systems.
• Organic Reaction Mechanism and Synthetic Applications: Reactive intermediates (carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes, benzynes); nucleophilic substitution, elimination reactions; named rearrangements (Hofmann-Curtius-Lossen, Wolff, etc.); named reactions (Simmons-Smith, Reimer-Tiemann, Michael, etc.); oxidation/reduction; organometallic reagents (Grignard, organolithium, etc.); pericyclic reactions (Diels-Alder, electrocyclic, sigmatropic); functional group inter-conversions.
• Qualitative Organic Analysis: Functional group identification by chemical tests; UV, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy for structural elucidation.
• Natural Products Chemistry: Chemistry of alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, nucleic acids.
• Aromatic and Heterocyclic Chemistry: Monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds: synthesis, reactivity, properties, aromaticity; electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Inorganic Chemistry

• Periodic Table: Periodic classification, Aufbau’s principle, periodicity; variations of orbital energy, effective nuclear charge, radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity; electronic configuration of diatomic molecules.
• Extractions of Metals: General methods of isolation and purification; Ellingham diagram principles and applications.
• Chemical Bonding and shapes of molecules: Ionic bond: packing of ions, radius ratio rule, Born-Haber cycle, Madelung constant, Fajan’s rules; Covalent bond: Lewis structure, valence bond theory, hybridization.

Subject

Topics

The Planet Earth

Origin of the Solar System and the Earth; Geosphere and the composition of the Earth; Shape and size of the earth; Earth-moon system; Formation of continents and oceans; Dating rocks and age of the Earth; Volcanism and volcanic landforms; Interior of Earth; Earthquakes; Earth’s magnetism and gravity, Isostasy; Elements of Plate tectonics; Orogenic cycles.

Geomorphology

Weathering and erosion; Transportation and deposition due to wind, ice, river, sea, and resulting landforms, Structurally controlled landforms.

Structural Geology

Concept of stratum; Contour; Outcrop patterns; Maps and cross-sections; Dip and strike; Classification and origin of folds, faults, joints, unconformities, foliations, and lineations, shear zones. Stereographic and equal-area projections of planes and lines; computation of true thickness of beds from outcrops and bore-holes.

Palaeontology

Major steps in the evolution of life forms; Fossils; their mode of preservation and utility; Morphological characters, major evolutionary trends and ages of important groups of animals – Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Trilobita, Graptolitoidea, Anthozoa, Echinodermata; Gondwana plant fossils; Elementary idea of vertebrate fossils in India.

Stratigraphy

Principles of stratigraphy; Litho-, Chrono- and biostratigraphic classification; distribution and classification of the stratigraphic horizons of India from Archaean to Recent.

Mineralogy

Symmetry and forms in common crystal classes; Physical properties of minerals; Isomorphism and polymorphism, Classification of minerals; Structure of silicates; Mineralogy of common rock-forming minerals; Mode of occurrence of minerals in rocks. Transmitted polarised light microscopy and optical properties of uniaxial and biaxial minerals.

Petrology

Definition and classification of rocks; Igneous rocks-forms of igneous bodies; Crystallization from magma; classification, association, and genesis of igneous rocks; Sedimentary rocks – classification, texture, and structure; size and shape of sedimentary bodies. Metamorphic rocks – classification, facies, zones, and texture. Characteristic mineral assemblages of pelites in the Barrovian zones and mafic rocks in common facies.

Economic Geology

Properties of common economic minerals; General processes of formation of mineral deposits; Physical characters; Mode of occurrence and distribution in India both of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits; Coal and petroleum occurrences in India.

Applied Geology

Ground Water; Principles of Engineering Geology.

Subject

Topics

Sequences and Series of Real Numbers

Sequences of real numbers, convergence of sequences, bounded and monotone sequences, convergence criteria, Cauchy sequences, subsequences, Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem. Series of real numbers, absolute convergence, convergence tests (comparison, ratio, root), Leibniz test.

Functions of One Real Variable

Limit, continuity, intermediate value property, differentiation, Rolle’s Theorem, mean value theorem, L'Hospital rule, Taylor's theorem, maxima, and minima.

Functions of Two or Three Real Variables

Limit, continuity, partial derivatives, differentiability, maxima, and minima.

Integral Calculus

Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, definite integrals, and their properties, fundamental theorem of calculus. Double and triple integrals, change of order, calculating surface areas and volumes.

Differential Equations

First-order ODEs (y'=f(x,y)), Bernoulli’s equation, exact differential equations, integrating factor, orthogonal trajectories, homogeneous and variable separable equations. Second-order linear ODEs with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler equation.

Vector Calculus

Scalar and vector fields, gradient, divergence, curl, line integrals, surface integrals, Green, Stokes, and Gauss theorems.

Group Theory

Groups, subgroups, Abelian groups, non-Abelian groups, cyclic groups, permutation groups, normal subgroups, Lagrange's Theorem, group homomorphism, quotient groups.

Linear Algebra

Finite dimensional vector spaces, linear independence, basis, dimension, linear transformations, matrix representation, range space, null space, rank-nullity theorem. Rank and inverse of a matrix, determinant, solutions of linear equations, consistency conditions, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

Real Analysis

Interior points, limit points, open sets, closed sets, bounded sets, connected sets, compact sets, completeness of R. Power series (real variable), Taylor’s series, radius and interval of convergence, term-wise differentiation, and integration.

Subject

Topics

Mathematics

• Sequences and Series: Convergence of sequences and series of real numbers, including comparison, root, and ratio tests.
• Differential Calculus: Limits, continuity, and differentiability for one and two variables; Rolle's theorem, mean value theorems, Taylor's theorem, indeterminate forms, maxima, and minima.
• Integral Calculus: Fundamental theorems of integral calculus; double and triple integrals, and their applications to arc lengths, areas, and volumes.
• Matrices: Rank and inverse; systems of linear equations; linear transformations; eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Cayley-Hamilton theorem; symmetric, skew-symmetric, and orthogonal matrices.

Statistics

• Probability: Axiomatic definition and properties; conditional probability, multiplication rule, total probability theorem, Bayes' theorem, independence of events.
• Random Variables: Probability mass/density/cumulative distribution functions; mathematical expectation, moments, and moment-generating functions; Chebyshev's inequality.
• Standard Distributions: Binomial, negative binomial, geometric, Poisson, hypergeometric, uniform, exponential, gamma, beta, and normal distributions; Poisson and normal approximations to binomial.
• Joint Distributions: Joint, marginal, and conditional distributions; functions of random variables; joint moment-generating function; product moments, correlation, simple linear regression; independence.
• Sampling Distributions: Chi-square, t, and F distributions and their properties.
• Limit Theorems: Weak law of large numbers; Central limit theorem.
• Estimation: Unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency, method of moments, maximum likelihood estimation; sufficiency (factorization theorem), completeness, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems; uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators; Rao-Cramer inequality; confidence intervals for various distributions.
• Testing of Hypotheses: Basic concepts; Neyman-Pearson Lemma; likelihood ratio tests.

Subject

Topics

Mathematical Methods

Calculus (single and multiple variables), partial derivatives, Jacobian, imperfect/perfect differentials, Taylor expansion, Fourier series. Vector algebra and calculus, multiple integrals, divergence, Green's, and Stokes' theorems. First and second-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Matrices and determinants, complex numbers.

Mechanics and General Properties of Matter

Newton’s laws and applications. Velocity and acceleration in Cartesian, polar, and cylindrical coordinates; rotating frames, centrifugal and Coriolis forces. Central force motion, Kepler’s laws. Gravitational law and field. Conservative/non-conservative forces. System of particles, center of mass, conservation of momentum and energy. Collisions (elastic/inelastic). Rigid body motion, moments of Inertia. Kinematics of moving fluids, equation of continuity, Euler’s equation, Bernoulli’s theorem.

Oscillations, Waves and Optics

Simple harmonic oscillator, superposition, Lissajous figures. Damped and forced oscillators, resonance. Wave equation, traveling and standing waves, energy density, group/phase velocity. Sound waves, Doppler Effect. Fermat’s Principle, image formation (thick/thin lenses). Interference, Fraunhofer diffraction, Rayleigh criterion, diffraction gratings. Polarization (linear, circular, elliptic), double refraction, optical rotation.

Electricity and Magnetism

Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law, electric field and potential. Electrostatic boundary conditions, Laplace’s equation. Conductors, capacitors, dielectrics, electrostatic energy. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of induction, self/mutual inductance. AC circuits (R, L, C). Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations, plane electromagnetic waves, Poynting’s theorem, reflection/refraction. Lorentz Force.

Kinetic theory, Thermodynamics

Kinetic theory of gases. Velocity distribution, equipartition of energy, specific heat of gases. Ideal/van-der-Waals gas. Mean free path. Laws of thermodynamics (zeroth, first, second). Isothermal, adiabatic, reversible, irreversible, and quasi-static processes. Entropy, Carnot cycle. Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations. Thermodynamic potentials, phase transitions, Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Ensembles, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein distributions.

Modern Physics

Inertial frames, Galilean invariance. Special relativity: postulates, Lorentz transformations, length contraction, time dilation, mass-energy equivalence. Blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Bohr’s atomic model, X-rays. Wave-particle duality, Uncertainty principle, superposition principle. Schrödinger equation and solutions (boxes, harmonic oscillator), step potential. Pauli exclusion principle. Atomic nucleus structure, binding energy. Radioactivity and its applications.

Solid State Physics, Devices, and Electronics

Crystal structure, Bravais lattices, Miller indices. X-ray diffraction, Bragg's law. Intrinsic/extrinsic semiconductors, Fermi level. p-n junction diode, Zener diode. BJT characteristics. Single/two-stage amplifiers, simple oscillators. OPAMP and applications (inverting/non-inverting). Boolean algebra, logic gates, truth tables, de Morgan’s theorem.

Subject

Topics

Microeconomics

Consumer theory, Theory of production and cost, General equilibrium and welfare, Market structure, Game theory, Public goods and market failure.

Macroeconomics

National income accounting, Behavioural and technological functions, Business cycles and economic models, Inflation and unemployment, Growth models.

Statistics for Economics

Probability theory, Mathematical statistics, Hypothesis Testing, Correlation and regression.

Indian Economy

Indian economy before 1950, Planning and Indian development, Indian economy after 1991, Banking, finance and macroeconomic policies, Inequalities in social development, Poverty, India’s labour market.

Mathematics for Economics

Preliminaries and functions, Differential calculus, Integral calculus, Differential equations, and difference equations, Linear Algebra, Optimisation.

Subject

Topics

Biology(10+2+3 level)

General Biology

Biochemistryand Physiology

Basic Biotechnology

Molecular Biology

Cell Biology

Microbiology

Chemistry (10+2+3 level)

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Mathematics (10+2 level)

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Physics (10+2 level)

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Subject

Topics

Physical Chemistry

Basic Mathematical Concepts, Atomic and Molecular Structure, Theory of Gases, Solid State, Chemical Thermodynamics, Chemical and Phase Equilibria, Electrochemistry, Chemical Kinetics, Adsorption, Spectroscopy.

Organic Chemistry

Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry and Stereochemistry, Organic Reaction Mechanism and Synthetic Applications, Qualitative Organic Analysis, Natural Products Chemistry, Aromatic and Heterocyclic Chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodic Table, Chemical Bonding and Shapes of Compounds, Main Group Elements (s and p blocks), Transition Metals (d block), Bioinorganic Chemistry, Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Analytical Chemistry.

Subject

Topics

The Planet Earth

Origin of Solar System and the Earth, Geosphere and the composition of the Earth, Shape and size of the Earth, Earth-Moon system, Dating rocks and age of the Earth.

Geomorphology

Weathering and erosion, Soil formation, Transportation and deposition by wind, ice, river, sea and resulting landforms.

Structural Geology

Orientation of planes and lines in space (dip, strike, rake, and plunge), Contour lines, Rule of ‘V’s and outcrop patterns, Interpretation of geological maps and cross-section construction, Classification and origin of folds, faults, joints, unconformities, foliations and lineations, Stereographic and equal-area projections of planes and lines.

Palaeontology

Major steps in the evolution of life forms, Fossils (mode of preservation and utility in age determination and paleoenvironmental interpretations), Morphology, major evolutionary trends and ages of important groups of animals (Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Trilobita, Graptolitoidea, Anthozoa, Echinodermata), Gondwana plant fossils, Elementary idea of vertebrate fossils in India.

Stratigraphy

Principles of stratigraphy, Litho-, Chrono- and biostratigraphic classification, Stratigraphic correlation techniques, Archaean cratons of Peninsular India (Dharwar, Singhbhum and Aravalli), Proterozoic mobile belts.

Mineralogy

Symmetry and forms in common crystal classes, Physical properties of minerals, Isomorphism, polymorphism, solid solution and exsolution, Classification of minerals, Structure of silicates.

Petrology

Definition and classification of rocks, Igneous rocks (forms of igneous bodies, processes of evolution and diversification of magma, classification, association, and genesis of common igneous rocks), Sedimentary rocks (classification, texture, and structure).

Economic Geology

Physical properties of common economic minerals, General processes of formation of mineral deposits, Mode of occurrence and distribution of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits in India, Fundamentals of reserve calculation, Elements of coal and hydrocarbon geology.

Applied Geology

Groundwater and hydrological cycle, Types of aquifers, porosity and permeability, Principles of engineering geology, Geological considerations in construction of dams and tunnels.

Subject

Topics

Real Analysis

Sequences and Series of Real Numbers

Functions of One Real Variable

Multivariable Calculus and Differential Equations

Functions of Two or Three Real Variables

Integral Calculus

Differential Equations

Linear Algebra and Algebra

Matrices

Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces

Groups

Subjects

Topics

Mathematical Methods

Calculus of single and multiple variables

Vector Algebra

Ventor Calculus

Multiple Integrals

Divergence Theorem

Mechanics and General Properties of Matter

Newton’s laws of motion and applications

Velocity and acceleration

Motion

Gravitational Law and field

Kinematics of moving fluids

Oscillations, Waves and Optic

Differential equation for simple harmonic oscillator and its general
solution

Superposition of two or more simple harmonic oscillators

Lissajous figures

Damped and forced oscillators, resonance

Wave equation, traveling and standing waves in one-dimension

Electricity and Magnetism

Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law

Electric field and potential

Electrostatic boundary conditions, Solution of Laplace’s equation for simple cases

Conductors, capacitors, dielectrics, dielectric polarization, volume and surface charges, electrostatic energy

Alternating Currents

Kinetic theory, Thermodynamics

Elements of Kinetic theory of gases

Velocity distribution and
Equipartition of energy

Specific heat of Mono-, di- and tri-atomic gases

Ideal gas, van-der-Waals gas
and equation of state

Mean free path

Modern Physics

Inertial frames and Galilean invariance

Postulates of special relativity

Lorentz transformations. Length contraction, time dilation

Relativistic velocity addition theorem, mass energy equivalence

Radioactivity and its applications

Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics

Crystal structure, Bravais lattices and basis

Miller indices

X-ray diffraction and Bragg's law

Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors

Simple Oscillators

Subject

Topics

Microeconomics

Consumer theory

Theory of production and cost

General equilibrium and welfare,

Market structure

Game theory

Macroeconomics

National income accounting

Behavioural and technological functions

Business cycles and economic models,

Inflation and unemployment,

Growth models

Statistics for Economics

Probability theory

Mathematical statistics

Hypothesis Testing

Correlation and regression

Indian Economy

Indian economy before 1950

Planning and Indian development

Indian economy after 1991

Banking, finance and macroeconomic policies

Inequalities in social development

Mathematics for Economics

Preliminaries and functions

Differential calculus

Integral calculus

Differential equations, and difference equations

Linear Algebra