Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26: Download PDF Below

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Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 is framed by the Bihar School Examination Board. The theory paper will be conducted for 70 marks. 30 marks will be provided for the practical exam. The Physics syllabus is divided into 3 units to be studied individually by the students. Students have to score 33% marks in both theory and practical exams to successfully get the passing certificate. Out of the 70 marks allotted for the theory exam, 35 marks will be provided for the objective-type questions, followed by 20 marks for short answer-type questions and 15 marks for long answer-type questions. Internal choices will be included in the question paper provided by the Bihar School Examination Board.

There will be 42 MCQs in the paper, out of which students have to attempt any 35. Students must try to focus on understanding the concepts of all the chapters, which will help them get good marks in the board exams accordingly. Check more information about Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 here:

DownloadBihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 here

Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26

Students can go through the BSEB 12th Physics Syllabus from the tables given below and get the perfect idea regarding the topics that will come in the board exams:

Chapter	Marks Allotted
Electrostatics	08
Current Electricity	07
Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism	04
Magnesium and Matter	04
Electromagnetic Induction	02
Alternating Current	04
Electromagnetic Waves	03
Ray Optics	09
Wave Optics	05
Dual Nature of Matter	04
Atoms & Nuclei	06
Semiconductors	07
Communication System	07
Total	70

Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Syllabus- Chapter-Wise Topics

Bihar Board Class 12 Physics Exam Pattern 2025-26 in detail is discussed below.

Chapter	Topics
Chapter 1: Electrostatics	Electric charges include the Superposition Principle, Coulomb's Law, the Law of Conservation of Charge, the force between two point charges, and the force between many charges. Electric Field: (i) Electric field due to a point charge, (ii) electric field due to a dipole, (iii) torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field, (iv) Electric Field Lines; Electric flux: Gauss's theorem and its applications; Electric field (i) due to an infinitely long straight wire (ii) uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside) and (iii) uniformly charged infinite plane sheet. Equipotential surfaces, the system of charges and dipole, and the potential difference make up the electric potential. Charges within a conductor, polarization, capacitors and capacitance, series and parallel combinations of capacitors, parallel plate capacitors, and energy stored in capacitors are all examples of conductors and insulators. Van de Graff Generator: Operational Principles, Concept, and Structure.
Chapter 2: Current Electricity	Electric current flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility, and their relation with electric current, Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I. Characteristic ( linear and non-linear ), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors, series & parallel combinations of resistors, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications, wheatstone bridge, meter bridge. Potentiometer–principle and applications to measure potential difference and for comparing emf of two cells, measurement of internal resistance of a cell.
Chapter 3: Magnetic Effect of Current and Magnetism	Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment Biot–sevart law and its application to a current-carrying circular loop. Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids, Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and the field, cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current–carrying conductors – definition of ampere, Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field, moving coil galvanometers, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter, voltage current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-dia & Ferro-magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strength, permanent magnets.
Chapter 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current	Electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s law, induced emf and current, Lenz’s law, Eddy currents, self and mutual inductance. Need for displacement current. Alternating currents, peak and rms value of AC/voltage, reactance and impedance, LC, oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance, power in AC Circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.
Chapter 5: Electromagnetic Waves	The properties and nature of electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic spectrum: gamma, X, ultraviolet, infrared, microwave, and radio waves.
Chapter 6: Optics	Ray Optics: Reflection types of mirror, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction: lenses, optical fibers, lens formula, lens maker's formula, total internal reflection, and its applications. Magnification power of a lens, thin lenses combination in contact. Prism Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism, Scattering of light, Concept of appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset. Optical Instruments: Human eye development, including astigmatism, myopia, hypermetropia, and presbyopia Lenses for the correction of visual deficiencies Astronomical telescopes and microscopes Wave Optics: Young's double-slit experiment expression for fringe width: interference Diffraction caused by a single center maximum seat width Astronomical telescopes and microscopes have resolving power. Polarization: Polaroids, plane-polarized light, Brewster's law, and applications of plane-polarized light
Chapter 7: Dual Nature of Matter	Matter Waves - Wave nature of particles Photoelectric Effect Davisson-Germer Experiment Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Particle Nature of light De Broglie Relation Hertz & Lenard’s Observations
Chapter 8: Atoms and Nuclei	Atomic energy levels, Bohr's Model, Rutherford's Experiment and Model, and the hydrogen emission spectrum Atomic masses, isotopes, isobars, isotones, and nucleus Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation and particles, together with their characteristics, as well as the radioactive decay law Nuclear fission and fusion, mass-energy ratio, mass defect and binding energy
Chapter 9: Electronic Devices	Features of a transistor, a transistor as a switch, and an amplifier with a same emitter configuration Digital and analog signals Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR): a fundamental idea
Chapter 10: Communication Systems	Basic terminology used in electronic communication systems Block diagram of a communication system Signal and transmission medium bandwidth Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere The significance of modulation Amplitude Modulation: Production and detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave Sky and space wave propagation, satellite communication

Bihar Board Class 12 Practicals 2025-26

Section - A

EXPERIMENTS

To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current.
To find resistance of a given wire using a meter bridge and hence determine the specific resistance of its material.
To verify the laws of combination (series / parallel) of resistances using a meter bridge.
To compare the emf's of two given primary cells using potentiometer.
To determine the internal resistance of a given primary cell using potentiometer.
To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure of merit.
To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance of figure of merit) into an ammeter and voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.
To find the frequency of the AC mains with a sonometer.

ACTIVITIES

To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.
To measure the resistance, Voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit using a multimeter.
To assemble a household circuit comprising .... three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a power source.
To assemble the components of a given electric circuit.
To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter.
Mark the components that are not connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

Section - B

EXPERIMENTS

To find the value of v for different values of u in case of concave mirror and to find the focal length.
To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between x and v or between 1/ u & 1/ v .
To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between the angle of incidence and the angle of deviation.
To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
To find the refractive index of a liquid by using (i) concave mirror (ii) convex lens and plane mirror.
To draw the I-V characteristics curves of a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias.
To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage.
To study the characteristics of a common emitter npn or pnp transistor and to find out the values of current of such items.

ACTIVITIES

To study the effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an LDR.
To identify a diode, an LED, a transistor, an IC, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.
Use of multimeter to –

(i) Identify base of transistor,

(ii) Distinguish between npn and pnp type transistors,

(iii) See the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED,

(iv) Check whether a given electronic component (e.g., diode, transistor or IC) is in working order.

To observe refraction and later deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass slab.
To observe polarization of light using two polaroids.
To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit. To study the nature and size of the image formed by –

(i) Convex lens

(ii) Concave mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).

To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using true lenses from the given set of lenses.