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Home > News & Articles > ED Full Form: Enforcement Directorate, History, Objective, Function, Operations and Action
Updated on 17th September, 2023 , 7 min read
ED Full form is Enforcement Directorate. ED is part of the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, and its primary mission is to combat economic crimes and enforce economic laws in India. The Directorate of Enforcement is made up of officials from India's most prestigious services, including the Indian Administrative Service, the Indian Police Service, and the Indian Revenue Service. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the ED full form and its various dimensions.
The full form of ED is Enforcement Directorate. ED is an economic intelligence group that enforces economic laws and defends the country against financial crimes. The Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, and Indian Government are in charge of ED.
ED was founded in 1956. The headquarters are located in New Delhi. The ED also has various regional offices in Kolkata, Mumbai, Chandigarh, and Hyderabad, among other places. It also has sub zonal offices in some cities. It consists of officials from the Indian Revenue Service, the Indian Police Service, the Indian Corporate Law Service, and the Indian Administrative Service.
The Foreign Currency Regulation Act of 1947, abbreviated as FERA 1947, was enacted to prevent violations of exchange control laws. It granted approval for the establishment of an "Enforcement Unit" under the Department of Economic Affairs, beginning on May 1, 1956.
Subsequently, in 1957, this entity underwent a name alteration, becoming the Enforcement Directorate. Additionally, a second branch was inaugurated in Madras, Tamil Nadu, during the same year.
The Enforcement Directorate is responsible for carrying out the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA) and the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 (COFEPOSA). The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has several crucial functions related to enforcing economic laws and combating financial crimes. Here are the primary functions of the ED:
Here is a hierarchical chart representing the hierarchy in the Enforcement Directorate (ED):
Director (Highest)
|
Special Director
|
Joint Director
|
Deputy Director
|
Assistant Director
|
Enforcement Officer
|
Assistant Enforcement Officer (AEO) (Entry Level)
|
Deputation Officers
In this hierarchy, individuals start as Assistant Enforcement Officers (AEOs) and can gradually progress through the ranks by gaining experience and expertise. At the top of the hierarchy is the Director, who holds the highest position within the Enforcement Directorate. Additionally, there are officers hired on a deputation basis, who serve temporarily for a specified period ranging from 2 to 5 years.
The Enforcement Directorate operates through a network of offices spread across India, each responsible for specific organizational functions. This structure includes:
Zonal Offices | Sub-Zonal Offices |
Pune | Mangaluru |
Bengaluru | Bhubaneshwar |
Chandigarh | Kozhikode |
Chennai | Indore |
Kochi | Madurai |
Delhi | Nagpur |
Panaji | Allahabad |
Guwahati | Raipur |
Mumbai | Dehradun |
Hyderabad | Ranchi |
Jaipur | Surat |
Jalandhar | Shimla |
Kolkata | Vishakhapatnam |
Lucknow | Jammu |
Patna | |
Srinagar |
To gather, develop, and disseminate information regarding violations of the FEMA regulations in 1999, intelligence reports are sourced from various outlets, including state and intelligence departments, as well as complaints.
This involves:
The Enforcement Directorate operates and conducts its operations as follows:
The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has the capacity to tackle financial misconduct within the country.
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