The West Bengal Board has released the latest curriculum and syllabus for the class 12 students. This article will provide you with the free PDF link to download the Geography syllabus. Geography plays a crucial role in understanding the complexities of global challenges such as climate change, urbanization, resource management, and cultural diversity. It provides insights into how physical and human processes shape our planet and influence the lives of people around the world.
The subject consists of 100 marks, theory and project work. Check out the complete article for the WB Board class 12 Math curriculum and syllabus for the academic year 2025-26.
DownloadWBCHSE Class 12th Geography Syllabus here
West Bengal Board Class 12 Geography2025-26 Syllabus - Semester III
Below given is the detailed syllabus
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Unit No. | Unit Content | Hours |
Unit 1 | Geotectonic:Continental Drift Theory according to Alfred Wegener | 6 |
Unit 2 | Geomorphic Process:Exogenic processes – Mass wasting, Glacial landforms, and Karst landforms | 9 |
Unit 3 | Climate:Water in the atmosphere (Condensation – formation and types, Precipitation – formation and types) | 5 |
Unit 4 | Hydrosphere:Characteristics of ocean floor; Temperature and salinity; Ocean minerals, food, and power; Ocean deposits | 9 |
Unit 5 | Biosphere:Nature, concept and types of ecosystem; Concept of trophic levels; Food chain and food web | 5 |
Unit No. | Unit Content | Hours |
Unit 1 | Population:Concept of Demography; Distribution and density of population (worldwide); Determinants and measures of population growth – birth rate, death rate, migration | 10 |
Unit 2 | Settlement:Classification, types and patterns of settlement; Factors determining the types of rural settlement; Functional classification of urban settlement; Problems of rural and urban settlements | 8 |
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Unit No. | Unit Content | Hours |
Unit 1 | Population of India:Distribution, density, growth, and composition of population | 3 |
Unit 2 | Water Resources:Water conservation and management; Watershed management and rainwater harvesting; Nature and types of irrigation systems; Sustainable use of water resources | 3 |
Unit 3 | Mineral and Energy Resources:Types, distribution and uses – Mineral resources (Iron Ore, Manganese, Bauxite, Copper, Mica);Conventional energy resources (Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas, Nuclear Energy);Non-conventional energy resources (Solar, Wind, Tidal, Geothermal, Biogas energy, OTEC) | 10 |
Unit 4 | Agriculture:Importance of agriculture in Indian economy; Concept of crop calendar; Crop rotation; Crop combination; Cropping intensity;Green, White, and Blue Revolution in India; Production-wise distribution of important cash crops (Jute, Cotton, Sugarcane and Tea) | 8 |
Unit 5 | Transport and Communication:Importance of different modes of Transport; Types and importance of personal and mass communication systems | 2 |
Unit 6 | Trade and Economy:Concept; Classification; Bases; Importance | 2 |
West Bengal Board Class 12 Geography2025-26 Syllabus - Semester IV
Below given is the detailed syllabus
FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Unit No. | Unit Content | Hours |
Unit 1 | Geotectonic:Sea floor spreading; Plate tectonic and associated landforms | 6 |
Unit 2 | Geomorphic Processes:Exogenic processes – Fluvial landforms; Coastal landforms; Aeolian landforms; Combined works of exogenic processes and associated landforms | 10 |
Unit 3 | Cycle of erosion:The role of WM Davis; Davis’s concept of landform evolution; Concept of rejuvenation | 3 |
Unit 4 | Atmosphere:Weather systems and atmospheric disturbances; Climatic classification after Koppen; Concept of climate change | 5 |
Unit 5 | Hydrosphere:Movement of ocean currents and associated environmental effects | 6 |
Unit 6 | Biosphere:Biodiversity – Definition, types, significance; Factors responsible for biodiversity depletion; Strategies and programs of biodiversity conservation | 4 |
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
Unit No. | Unit Content | Hours |
Unit 1 | Indian Industries: a. Agro-based – Food processing b. Sea-based – Commercial marine fishing c. Forest-based – Paper industry d. Mineral-based – Metallic (Iron and steel); Non-metallic (Petrochemical) e. Manufacturing-based – Automobile f. Information and communication technology | 7 |
Unit 2 | Human Settlement and Development in Indian Context: Human settlement types in India; Land resources and agricultural planning; Sustainable development in Indian context | 2 |
Unit 3 | Geographical Perspectives on Selected Issues and Problems: a. Water pollution in Ganga Basin – Causes, consequences, and management b. Air pollution in Kolkata and National Capital Region – Causes, consequences, and management c. Arsenic pollution in southern West Bengal – Causes, consequences, and management d. Human-wildlife conflict in Dooars and Sundarbans regions – Causes, consequences, and management e. Land degradation in Jangalmahal – Causes, consequences, and management | 5 |
