Tamil Nadu Class 12th Syllabus 2025-26 is released on the official website of DGE. It is to be downloaded in a PDF format. Two language papers and four other papers will be conducted for class 12 students. The syllabus and textbooks are prescribed by the State Council of Educational Research and Training for Higher Secondary First Year / Second Year (State Board). You can download the syllabus as soon as it is available online. According to the Tamil Nadu 12th Exam Pattern 2025-26 , the duration of each paper will be 3 hours. The Question papers will be provided only in Tamil and English. You are required to score at least 35% marks out of the total to be eligible for the passing certificate.
The syllabus is one of the most important documents needed to kick-start the preparation for the exams. It helps you learn more about the marking scheme and the topics that will be included in the board question paper. Make sure to thoroughly understand the syllabus before planning out your study sessions during the rest of the academic year. Check out more information about the Tamil Nadu 12th Syllabus 2025-26 here
Tamil Nadu Class 12th Sociology Syllabus 2025-26
Below given is the detailed syllabus
Unit No. | Unit Title | Detailed Key Topics |
1 | Introduction to Sociology | Meaning and Definition of Sociology – Nature and Scope of Sociology as a social science – Origin and Development of Sociology – Importance of studying Sociology in contemporary society – Role of Sociology in understanding social issues – Relationship of Sociology with other social sciences like History, Economics, Political Science, Anthropology, and Psychology. |
2 | Basic Concepts of Sociology | Concept of Society – Characteristics and differences between Society and Community – Association and Institution – Nature and types of Social Structures and Social Systems – Social Groups (Primary and Secondary groups, In-groups and Out-groups) – Role of Socialization in personality development – Agencies of Socialization (Family, Peer Group, School, Media, Religion) – Culture: meaning, elements, and types – Social Norms, Folkways, Mores, Customs, and Values – Importance of culture and norms in regulating human behavior. |
3 | Social Institutions | Family: meaning, types (nuclear, joint, extended), functions of family in society – Marriage: meaning, objectives, forms (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, endogamy, exogamy) – Kinship system and its importance in social relations – Religion: meaning, functions, role in social integration and disintegration – Education: meaning, role in social change, formal and informal education – Economy: nature, role in production, distribution, and consumption – Polity: meaning, functions, role in governance, democracy, and political participation. |
4 | Social Processes | Meaning and nature of social processes – Co-operation: types, significance in social life – Competition: meaning, characteristics, positive and negative impacts – Conflict: types of conflict (class conflict, communal conflict), consequences – Accommodation: meaning, forms, and examples in society – Assimilation: process, role in multicultural societies – Integration: importance of national integration and unity in diversity. |
5 | Social Stratification | Meaning and features of social stratification – Different forms of stratification: Caste system in India (characteristics, merits, demerits, changes after independence), Class system (open vs closed), Estate system in Europe, Slavery (historical context) – Functions and dysfunctions of social stratification – Role of stratification in inequality – Social Mobility: types of mobility (vertical, horizontal, intergenerational, intragenerational), factors promoting and hindering mobility – Education and globalization as agents of mobility. |
6 | Social Change | Meaning and characteristics of social change – Factors influencing social change: demographic, technological, economic, political, cultural, educational – Theories of social change (Evolutionary theory, Cyclical theory, Conflict theory, Functionalist perspective) – Important processes of change in Indian society: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization – Role of Globalization in shaping Indian culture, economy, and values – Positive and negative impacts of social change. |
7 | Social Problems in India | Poverty: meaning, causes, and consequences – Unemployment: types (seasonal, disguised, educated, structural), remedies – Child Labour: causes, consequences, government measures – Youth Problems: drug abuse, unemployment, alienation – Gender Discrimination: meaning, causes, effects, movements for gender equality – Violence against Women: dowry harassment, domestic violence, sexual harassment – Communalism: meaning, causes, consequences – Terrorism: forms, impact on society – Corruption: causes, consequences, measures to curb corruption. |
8 | Indian Society | Unity in Diversity: linguistic, religious, cultural, and regional diversities – Features and characteristics of Indian society – Rural society: features, problems like illiteracy, poverty, casteism – Urban society: features, problems like urbanization, slums, unemployment – Social Issues of Indian society: inequality, regionalism, communalism – Role of Youth in nation building and social change – Youth participation in politics, education, technology, and social reforms. |
Tamil Nadu Class 12th Sociology syllabus 2025-26: How to Download
Tamil Board 12th syllabus shall be downloaded by following the steps shown below.
Step 1: First and foremost one has to visit the official website of the Tamil Board.
Step 2: After that go to the primary menu on the home page and click on the option of the syllabus.
Step 3: A new window will pop up which will show the syllabus for all the individual streams and the subjects will also be mentioned there in PDF format.
Step 4: The candidates need to click onto the link to the PDF so as to download the syllabus.
