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Home > News & Articles > Sulphonation: Definition, Reaction, Sulfonation of Benzene, Uses and Application
Updated on 19th July, 2023 , 5 min read
Sulfonation, also referred to as sulphonation in chemistry, is any of many processes that can result in the synthesis of sulfuric acids. The reactions of natural halogen compounds with inorganic sulfites, the oxidation of specific classes of organs containing thiols, and the reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons with sulfuric acid or chlorosulphonic acid are all examples of sulfuration processes.
Sulphonation is the process of substituting a hydrogen atom for the SO3H sulfonic acid group. A typical alkane can be sulphonated by treating it with oleum (fuming sulfuric acid), starting with hexane. When replacing a hydrogen atom, the process is very slow because the tertiary value is much higher than the secondary value, and the primary value is much slower. Tertiary hydrogen atoms in isobutane make it simple to sulfonate and produce t-butyl sulfuric acid:
H2SO4/SO3 → (CH3)3CSO3H + H2SO4
Given below are sulphonation of other compounds:
Benzene is heated with fuming sulfuric acid (H2SO4+ SO3) during the sulfonation Process to produce benzenol. The nature of the effect, shown below, is reversible.
A hydrotrope is an organic compound that enhances the capability of water to dissolve other molecules. Sodium xylenesulfonate is a hydrotrope. The risk of negative health effects from consumer and occupational use of sodium xylene sulfonate is predicted to be negligible because it is a low hazard compound.
It is not settled, due in part to the challenges in determining the sulfonating species nature (cf. nitration). As a result, there are numerous options for sulphonation with concentrated sulphuric acid, each resulting from a different equilibrium, e.g.,
Sodium xylenesulfonate, also known as sodium xylene sulfonate or SXS, is a versatile chemical compound that finds application in various industries. Here are some common uses and applications of sodium xylenesulfonate:
It's worth noting that the specific applications of sodium xylenesulfonate may vary depending on the formulation and requirements of different industries and products.
Sulphonation is the process of substituting a hydrogen atom for the SO3H sulphonic acid group.
Sulfonation is the process of incorporating a sulphonic acid group into an aromatic compound.
Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid is a dense liquid ranging in color from light yellow to brown. It falls under the category of dodecylbenzene and is used in detergent production. It is listed as a Hazardous Substance due to citations by the EPA and DOT. Specifically, it is on the Special Health Hazard Substance List due to its corrosive nature.
The chemical reaction between phenol and concentrated sulfuric acid is known as the sulphonation of phenol. The resulting sulphonation product depends on the operating temperature.
At lower temperatures, phenol reacts with concentrated H2SO4 to form o-phenol sulphonic acid. The interaction between the neighboring SO3H group and OH group predominates at lower temperatures, leading to ortho isomers.
However, at higher temperatures, these interactions do not occur, and steric repulsion overcomes the attraction. Consequently, p-phenol sulphonic acid is obtained, as represented in the figure above.
The reason behind the rate of reaction difference between benzene and hexadeuterobenzene during sulphonation lies in the isotopes of hydrogen.
Protium contains one proton and zero neutrons, while Deuterium has a neutron, making it twice as heavy. This mass difference results in smaller vibrations or a stronger, shorter bond. As a result, a Carbon-Deuterium bond is stronger compared to a Carbon-Protium bond.
The interaction of phenol with strong sulphuric acid refers to the sulphonation of phenol. The sulphonation product can be determined by the operating temperature.
The interaction of phenol with strong sulphuric acid refers to the sulphonation of phenol. The sulphonation product can be determined by the operating temperature.
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By - Nikita Parmar 2023-08-25 09:48:44 , 11 min readSulphonation is the process of substituting a hydrogen atom for the SO3H sulfonic acid group. A typical alkane can be sulphonated by treating it with oleum (fuming sulfuric acid), starting with hexane.
Sulfonation occurs when a sulfonating agent, such as sulfur trioxide (SO3) or concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), reacts with an organic molecule or compound, leading to the introduction of a sulfonic acid (SO3H) group into the substrate.
It is used to prepare a wide range of sulfonic acid derivatives and sulfonyl chlorides.
An example of sulfonation reaction is heating benzene with fuming sulphuric acid (H2SO4 + SO3) to form benzenesulfonic acid.
C6H6 + HSO3Cl → C6H5SO3H + HCl.
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