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Updated on 25th October, 2023 , 5 min read
People frequently worry about how an object will move once a specific force has been applied to it. But these people don't think about how the force can change the object's structure. Bridges are a great case in point. Due to their weight, automobiles on a bridge tend to move with a downward force. Stress tests are performed on the bridge to ensure that it can tolerate high pressure without failing. The internal force per unit area is undoubtedly what is meant by "stress." Most importantly, an object's level of strain is ultimately defined by the quantity of strain imposed on it.
The degree of distortion an item experiences as a result of the application of stress is referred to as strain. Simply said, strain denotes the physical impact that a force has on an item whereas stress denotes the internal force. A measurement of the amount of force-induced deformation on an item is known as strain. The longitudinal strain, shearing strain, and volumetric strain are the three primary strain types. Strain is a quantity that has no units. This is due to the constant usage of the same units for both the numerator and denominator values. In addition, strain is a way of describing how a body deforms in terms of the relative displacement of its constituent parts. However, the stiff body movements are not included in this definition. There is undoubtedly a chance to select many equivalent options for the expression of a strain field. Additionally, this depends on whether it is defined in terms of the body's initial or ultimate configuration.
Difference Between Distance and Displacement
Displacement Reaction Definition
One definition of strain is- "The ratio of the amount of deformation a body experiences in the force's direction to the body's initial dimensions." The restoring force and the deforming force have the same magnitude even if their directions of action are reversed.
In general, the strain formula for physics is as follows-
Another way to express strain is as "Change in Body Dimension/Original Body Dimension." A dimensional analysis of strain may be done as follows-
= L/L
= M0 L1 T0 / M0 L1 T0
= M0 L0 T0
Thus, it is established that Strain [M = Mass, T = Time, L = Length] has no units.
The three basic types of strain are as follows-
The effect of longitudinal stress is longitudinal strain. In this odd situation, the object's length determines how much stress or restoring force is applied per unit area. It implies that the length of the item will alter as a result of the deforming force that has been applied. Because the physical change in the item has happened along the dimensions of length, the strain that has been produced will be referred to as longitudinal. It can be either compressive (length decreases) or tensile (length increases). It is shown as-
By deducting the initial length from the newly created length, one may determine the object's change in length or L. L is the true length of the item at its equilibrium condition before any tension is applied.
Shearing strain results when the tension placed on the body seems to have a tangential effect on the item. The change in the body that happened tangentially on the body is what causes the shearing strain, which stems from tangential tension or shearing stress. Shearing Strain is denoted as Shearing Strain = Shearing/Stress Strain, therefore
Δ x represents the tangentially generated change.
L is the object's length.
θ is the object's angular displacement from its vertical location.
When an item undergoes volume-based changes, this strain is specially created. Here, a type of stress termed hydraulic stress is used to compress the object's volume. Specifically fluid items were used in this instance (such as water, gas, or any substance that can be squeezed to change its volume). Therefore,
Δ V is the volume change that results from hydraulic stress on the body's geometric shape.
V represents the body's actual volume before the application of hydraulic pressure or stress.
The following are some of the important facts about strain formula-
In the absence of rigid-body movements, deformation in terms of relative particle displacement in the body is referred to as strain. Deformation can be brought on by external loads, internal body forces like gravity or electromagnetic forces, variations in temperature, moisture content, or chemical reactions, among other things. A continuous body experiences a deformation field as a result of a stress field brought on by applied forces or as a result of variations in the body's internal temperature field. Numerous structural issues are resolved using constitutive equations, which show how stresses and induced strains relate to one another.
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Ans. The internal force per unit area is undoubtedly what is meant by "stress."
Ans. The degree of distortion an item experiences as a result of the application of stress is referred to as strain. Simply said, strain denotes the physical impact that a force has on an item whereas stress denotes the internal force.
Ans. Strain is a quantity that has no units.
Ans. Longitudinal, Shearing, and Volumetric are the three types of strain.
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