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Home > News & Articles > Nitride: Definitions, Valency, Types, Features, Preparation, and Applications
Updated on 22nd June, 2023 , 4 min read
Nitride is a chemical compound of nitrogen that is created in chemistry when nitrogen reacts with elements like boron, silicon, etc. that have reduced electronegativity. Basically, it can be found in nature in a variety of ways. Additionally, there are other kinds of nitride, including ionic, covalent, and transition metal nitride. It serves a variety of applications and possesses a variety of natural qualities. Furthermore, nitride ions have a variety of other impacts.
The nitrogen compound nitride never encounters a protic solution. The oxidation state of the nitrogen is 3. Its ionic radius is around 140 pm. A nitride ion (N3) can be found in nitride. Ionic, covalent, and interstitial are the three broad groups into which they may be divided. However, some metal nitrides are unstable and react with water to form ammonia and the oxide or hydroxide of the metal.
A nitride is created when nitrogen mixes with other elements, such as silicon, boron, metals,or other elements with lower or comparable electronegativity to nitrogen. It belongs to a distinct class of chemicals. Similar to carbides, nitrides may be divided into three main groups called interstitial, ionic, and covalent nitrides. The nitride ion is often present in nitride compounds. These substances often react with water to form the metal's hydroxide or oxide and ammonia gas.
Nitrogen has a valency of -3. Since nitrogen has an atomic number of 7, it will be in the configuration 1s2,2s2,2p3. It indicates that it has 5 electrons in its outermost shell and requires 3 more to make an octet. Because of this, nitrogen will accept three electrons and acquire the nitride ion, which has a negative charge.
According to their ability to form bonds, nitrides are divided into four main classes. Ionic or saltwater nitrides, covalent nitrides, transition metal nitrides, and molecule-forming nitrides are the four groups. The following are some of the more detailed types of nitride-
These nitrides are created when nitrogen is mixed with Group 3 metals, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals. They react with hydrogen, resulting in ammonium ions.
Covalent nitrides are created when nitrogen joins forces with components in groups 13–15. Covalent nitrides include substances like BN, Si3N4, and others.
Based on the element to which the nitrogen is linked, these nitrides exhibit a wide range of characteristics. The following are some significant covalent nitrides-
|
Types of Covalent Nitrides |
Description |
|
Boron nitride (BN) |
A colorless crystal having a molar mass of 24.82 g/mol is boron nitride. It cannot dissolve in water. It is claimed that boron nitride is isoelectronic. This is so because two bound carbon atoms and an identical number of valence electrons are shared by both boron and nitrogen. |
|
Cyanogen (CN)2 |
The gas cyanogen is poisonous, colorless, and has an almond-like aroma. By oxidizing hydrogen cyanide (HCN), it is made. A number of oxidizing agents can be employed to create cyanogen. Among them are nitrogen dioxide (NO2), oxygen (O2), and chlorine (Cl2). |
These are the interstitial compounds, which combine the characteristics of ionic crystals and covalent compounds.
These nitrides are mostly formed by elements from groups 15–17. They have a low melting point and are quite flammable.
Nitrides can be made in two different ways. The first approach uses an element's direct reactivity when heated to a high temperature. The chemical process for creating calcium nitride is shown below-
A second approach involves the heat breakdown of a metal amide, such as barium amide, which results in the release of ammonia (NH3).
Another way of making nitrides involves reducing an oxide or metal halide in the presence of nitrogen gas. Take the creation of aluminum nitride as an example.
Lithium is the only alkali metal that can create an ionic nitride; however, other alkaline-earth metals can also produce nitrides with the formula M3N2.
The following are some of the uses of nitride-
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By - Nikita Parmar 2023-08-25 09:48:44 , 11 min readAns. Nitrate and nitride are distinct compounds.
Ans. Nitrogen reacts with low electronegative elements to form the large class of nitrogen-containing compounds known as nitride compounds.
Ans. An illustration of a covalent nitride is boron nitride. A substance known as boron nitride is isoelectronic. Two varieties of boron nitride exist. These two varieties are cubic and hexagonal boron nitride. Cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride are isoelectronic with diamond and graphite, respectively.
Ans. N3 is the symbol for nitride.
Ans. The nitride ion has a fundamental makeup.
Ans. Nitride is not metal, to be clear.
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