Nagaland Board Class 12th Political Science Syllabus 2025-26: Download PDF Below

Part / Unit

Topics Covered

Detailed Description

Marks

Part A: Contemporary World Politics

1. Cold War Era and Non-Aligned Movement

Explores the origin of the Cold War, ideological rivalry between the USA and USSR, and the division of the world into power blocs. Focus is also given to the emergence and importance of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) as an alternative path for newly independent nations.

6

2. The End of Bipolarity

Discusses the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, its causes and consequences, the emergence of unipolarity under the USA, and the restructuring of post-Cold War international politics.

6

3. US Hegemony in World Politics

Analyzes the various dimensions of American dominance after the Cold War—military, economic, and cultural—and debates on whether US power is declining or still strong.

6

4. Alternative Centres of Power

Examines the rise of new powers such as the European Union (EU), China, ASEAN, and their increasing influence in global politics, challenging unipolarity.

6

5. Contemporary South Asia: Peace, Cooperation and Development

Studies political and economic developments in South Asia, India’s relations with neighboring countries (Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives), and the role of SAARC in promoting regional cooperation.

6

6. International Organizations

Explores the role of the United Nations (UN), its agencies, reforms in the Security Council, and India’s demand for a permanent seat. Also covers the significance of other organizations like WTO and WHO.

6

7. Security in the Contemporary World

Deals with traditional security (military, territorial) and non-traditional security concerns (human security, environmental threats, terrorism, migration, pandemics).

6

8. Environment and Natural Resources

Discusses global environmental issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, resource scarcity, international treaties like Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement, and India’s environmental policies.

6

9. Globalisation

Explains the concept, forms (economic, cultural, political), effects of globalization on world politics and Indian society, and debates on whether it benefits all countries equally.

6

Part B: Politics in India Since Independence

10. Challenges of Nation-Building

Focuses on issues faced by India after independence, such as partition, refugee crisis, integration of princely states, linguistic reorganization of states, and regionalism.

6

11. Era of One-Party Dominance

Studies the dominance of the Congress Party in the early decades, reasons behind it, opposition challenges, and impact on democracy.

6

12. Politics of Planned Development

Examines India’s Five-Year Plans, Green Revolution, role of Planning Commission, and debates on growth versus development.

6

13. India’s External Relations

Traces India’s foreign policy principles (Panchsheel, NAM), relations with major powers (USA, USSR, China), and current global role.

6

14. Challenges to the Congress System

Focuses on the political developments of the late 1960s and 1970s, rise of opposition parties, role of regional politics, and impact on Indian democracy.

6

15. Crisis of the Democratic Order

Covers the Emergency period (1975–77), reasons for its imposition, suspension of rights, opposition movements, and democratic resilience post-Emergency.

6

16. Rise of New Social Movements

Discusses the emergence of movements around environment, women’s rights, Dalit rights, farmers, and human rights that shaped modern Indian politics.

6

17. Regional Aspirations

Studies movements in Punjab, North-East India, Jammu and Kashmir, and how the Indian state has responded to regional demands.

6

18. Recent Developments in Indian Politics

Covers coalition politics of the 1989–2014 era, economic reforms (LPG model of 1991), rise of regional parties, and current challenges in Indian politics.

6

Project Work

Practical Component

Students must prepare a project on a selected topic from the syllabus involving research, data collection, and analysis.

20

Total

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100 Marks