Meghalaya 10th Science Syllabus 2025-26: Download PDF Below

Unit

Chapters / Topics

Detailed Explanation

Marks (Theory = 80)

1. Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour (Chemistry)

• Chemical Reactions and Equations • Acids, Bases and Salts • Metals and Non-metals • Carbon and its Compounds • Periodic Classification of Elements

Chemical Reactions: Students learn to write balanced chemical equations, identify different types of reactions (combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, oxidation-reduction). Acids, Bases, Salts: Properties, uses in daily life, preparation methods, neutralization, pH scale, importance in agriculture, industry, and biology. Metals & Non-metals: Physical and chemical properties, occurrence, extraction of metals, corrosion and prevention. Carbon Compounds: Bonding, homologous series, functional groups, simple reactions of hydrocarbons and ethanol. Periodic Classification: Evolution from Dobereiner’s Triads to Mendeleev and Modern Periodic Table, trends in atomic size, valency, metallic character.

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2. World of Living (Biology)

• Life Processes • Control and Coordination • How Do Organisms Reproduce? • Heredity and Evolution

Life Processes: Understanding basic life processes such as nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic), respiration, transportation in plants and animals, excretion in humans. Control & Coordination: Nervous system and endocrine system in humans, tropic movements in plants, role of hormones. Reproduction: Modes of reproduction in plants and animals (asexual and sexual), reproductive health and importance of variation. Heredity & Evolution: Mendel’s laws of inheritance, traits, evolution, natural selection, speciation, and human evolution.

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3. Natural Phenomena (Physics)

• Light – Reflection and Refraction • Human Eye and the Colourful World

Light: Reflection by spherical mirrors, refraction by spherical lenses, ray diagrams, mirror and lens formula, magnification, uses of concave mirrors and convex lenses. Human Eye: Structure and functioning of eye, defects of vision (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia) and their correction, power of lens. Colourful World: Dispersion of light, scattering of light (blue colour of sky, red colour of sunset), rainbow formation.

12

4. Effects of Current (Physics)

• Electricity • Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Electricity: Electric current, potential difference, Ohm’s law, resistance, resistivity, factors affecting resistance, series and parallel combination of resistors, heating effect of current, electric power and energy consumption. Magnetic Effects: Magnetic field, field lines, right-hand thumb rule, force on current-carrying conductor, electromagnetic induction, domestic circuits and safety measures.

13

5. Natural Resources & Environment

• Sources of Energy • Our Environment • Management of Natural Resources

Sources of Energy: Renewable and non-renewable sources, traditional and alternative sources (solar, wind, hydro, biomass, nuclear energy), characteristics of a good source of energy. Environment: Ecosystem, food chains and food webs, ozone depletion, waste generation and management. Natural Resource Management: Conservation of forests and wildlife, sustainable management of resources like coal, petroleum, and water, role of community in conservation.

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