Meghalaya 10th Maths Syllabus 2025-26: Download PDF Below

Unit

Chapters / Topics

Detailed Explanation

Marks (Theory = 80)

1. Number Systems

• Real Numbers • Euclid’s Division Lemma • Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic • Revisiting irrational and rational numbers

Students learn about properties of real numbers, including how to express numbers as product of prime factors. The Euclid’s division lemma is applied in problems involving divisibility. Learners also study rational numbers and prove the irrationality of numbers like √2, √3, and √5. Practical emphasis is given on terminating and non-terminating recurring decimals.

6

2. Algebra

• Polynomials • Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables • Quadratic Equations • Arithmetic Progressions (AP)

This unit focuses on the use of algebra in real-world problem solving. Polynomials: Study of zeros of polynomials and relationship between zeros and coefficients. Linear Equations: Methods of solving pair of linear equations such as substitution, elimination, and graphical methods. Quadratic Equations: Solving quadratic equations by factorization, completing the square, and quadratic formula. AP: Students learn nth term and sum of n terms with applications in daily life situations.

20

3. Geometry

• Triangles • Circles • Constructions

Triangles: Proof of similarity of triangles, criteria for similarity (AA, SSS, SAS), and applications in problems of ratios of areas. Circles: Tangent to a circle, number of tangents from a point, and theorems on tangents. Constructions: Division of line segments, constructing tangents to a circle from an external point. Practical geometry skills are emphasized here.

12

4. Trigonometry

• Introduction to Trigonometric Ratios • Trigonometric Identities • Heights and Distances (applications)

Students are introduced to trigonometric ratios of acute angles, values of standard angles, and the relationship between ratios. Identities such as sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 and others are studied in depth. Application problems include calculating heights of towers, lengths of shadows, and distances using trigonometric methods.

12

5. Mensuration

• Surface Areas and Volumes

This chapter integrates geometry with real-life measurement problems. Students calculate surface areas and volumes of 3D solids such as cubes, cuboids, cones, cylinders, and spheres. They also learn about problems involving conversion of one solid to another and applications in practical life like storage, construction, and packaging.

10

6. Statistics & Probability

• Statistics • Probability

Statistics: Focuses on presentation and analysis of data using mean, median, and mode of grouped data. Graphical representation using histograms, bar graphs, and frequency polygons is practiced. Probability: Students learn the classical definition of probability, simple problems based on single events like dice, coins, and cards. The emphasis is on understanding likelihood and chance in real life situations.

10

7. Coordinate Geometry

• Distance Formula • Section Formula • Area of a Triangle using coordinates

This section covers analytical geometry. Students calculate distances between two points, divide line segments in given ratios, and find areas of triangles using coordinates. Real-world connections include map reading, navigation, and practical design problems.

10