The Haryana Board Of School Education is responsible for creating the HBSE Physics syllabus for class 12 and also conducting the exam. Students can download the latest released HBSE syllabus for Class 12 Physics from the official website. Going through the syllabus can help the students know the topics they are going to study in Physics during the academic year. Direct download links are provided below.
DownloadHBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26 here
HBSE Class 12 Physic Practicals For The Exam
Evaluation Scheme | Marks |
Marks allocated for Internal Assessment 1. Student Assessment Test Weightage of marks (04 marks for SAT, 02 marks for half yearly test, 02 marks for preboard, 02 marks for attendance and classroom participation) 2. Practical file/ Record 3. Project Record | 15 10 03 02 |
Marks allocated for External Examination | 15 |
Experiments (two) | 09 (one from each section) |
Activity (One from Syllabus) | 3 |
Viva Voce | 3 |
Total marks | 30 |
HBSE Class 12 Physics Core Structure
Below given is the detailed core structure:
Sr. No. | Unit | Chapter | Marks | |||
1 | Electrostatic | Electric Charges and Fields | 8 | |||
Electrostatic Potential and capacitance | ||||||
2 | Current Electricity | Current Electricity | 8 | |||
3 | Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism | Moving Charges and Magnetism | 9 | |||
Magnetism and Matter | ||||||
4 | Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents | Electromagnetic Induction | 8 | |||
Alternating Current | ||||||
5 | Electromagnetic Waves | Electromagnetic Waves | 3 | |||
6 | Optics | Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | 14 | |||
Wave Optics | ||||||
7 | Dual Nature Radiation and Matter | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | 5 | |||
8 | Atoms and Nuclei | Atoms | 8 | |||
Nuclei | ||||||
9 | Electronic Devices | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | 7 | |||
Total | 70 | |||||
Practical Examination | 30 | |||||
Unit-1: Electrostatics
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
Electric Charge, Basic Properties Of Electric Charge: Additivity of charges, conservation of charges, Coulomb's law, force between multiple charges.
Electric field, electric field due to a system of charges, physical significance of electric field, electric field lines, electric dipole, The field of an electric dipole (for points on the axis and on equatorial plane) Dipole in a uniform external field. Continuous charge distribution.
Electric flux, Gauss’s law, Applications of Gauss’s law: Field due to an infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire, Field due to uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, Field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell.
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electrostatic Potential, Potential due to a point charge, Potential due to an electric dipole, Potential due to a system of charges, Equipotential surfaces, Relation between field and potential. The potential energy of a system of charges. The potential energy of a dipole in an external field.
Electrostatics of Conductors, Dielectrics and Polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, the parallel plate capacitor, Effect of Dielectric on capacitance, combination of capacitors (series and parallel), Energy stored in a capacitor, energy density.
Unit 2: Current Electricity
Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Electric current, the flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, ohm's law, drift velocity, current density, mobility and their relation with electric current, Limitations of ohm's law, Resistivity of various metals, Temperature dependence of resistivity, Electrical energy, Power, cells: EMF, Internal resistance, Cells in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge.
Unit 3: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Concept of magnetic Field, Lorentz force, Magnetic force on a current carrying conductor, motion of charge in a magnetic field, Biot Savart Law, Magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, Ampere’s circuital law, Solenoid, force between two parallel current carrying conductors – definition of ampere, Torque on a rectangular current loop in a uniform magnetic field, circular current loop as a magnetic dipole, Moving coil galvanometer: its sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), Magnetic field lines, dipole in the uniform magnetic field, Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties of Materials: Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism.
Unit 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
The Experiments of Faraday and Henry, Faraday’s law of Induction, Lens’s law and Conservation of Energy, Motional Electromotive force, Inductance, sell inductance of the coil, Mutual Inductance for long co-axial solenoids, Energy stored in the inductor, AC generator.
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
Peak and RMS value of alternating current (No derivation), AC voltage applied to a Resistor, Representation of AC and voltage by Rotating vectors – Phasors, AC voltage applied to an Inductor, AC voltage applied to a capacitor, AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit, Resonance, Power in AC circuit: Power factor, Transformers.
Unit 5: Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
The basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves: Sources and nature of electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum: Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, Visible rays, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and Gamma rays (elementary facts about their uses).
Unit 6: Optics
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Reflection of light by spherical Mirror, Mirror formula, Refraction of light, Total Internal Reflection, Applications of TIR, Refraction at Spherical surfaces, Refraction by a lens, lens maker’s formula. Power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction through a prism.Optical Instruments: Microscope (Simple and Compound), Telescope (refracting type and reflecting type Cassegrain)
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Wavefront, Huygens Principle, Reflection and Refraction of the plane wave using Huygens Principle, Coherent sources, Interference of light waves, Young’s Double slit experiment, conditions for constructive and destructive interference, fringe width (No derivation). Diffraction due to a single slit (qualitative treatment only). Polarisation, law of Malus.
Unit 7: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Electron Emission, Photoelectric effect: Experimental study of Photoelectric effect, Photoelectric effect, and wave theory of light, Einstein’s Photoelectric equation, Particle Nature of light: photon, wave nature of matter, de-Broglie formula.
Unit 8: Atoms and Nuclei
Chapter 12: Atoms
Alpha-particle scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear model of the atom, impact parameter, distance of closest approach, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, Expression for the radius of the nth possible orbit, velocity, and energy of the electron in the nth orbit, energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom, The line spectra of the Hydrogen atom, De Broglie explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantization.
Chapter 13: Nuclei
Composition and size of nucleus, Mass-Energy relation, mass defect, binding energy per nucleon, and its variation with mass number, nuclear force, Radioactivity (qualitative treatment only), Nuclear energy: nuclear fission and fusion, Controlled thermonuclear fusion.
Unit 9: Electronic Devices
Chapter 14: Semiconductors Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Classification of Metals, insulators, and semiconductors based on energy bands (qualitative treatment), Intrinsic semiconductor, Extrinsic semiconductor: P and n-type, P-n junction formation, Semiconductor diode: p-n junction diode under forward bias, p-n junction diode under reverse bias, semiconductor diode I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, junction diode as Rectifier: Half wave and full wave rectifier.
