The Haryana Board has published the 12th Class Geography Syllabus. See the most recent Haryana Board Class 12 Geography curriculum and download the Haryana Board syllabus for the 12th Class. The syllabus will help you concentrate on topics like question paper design and course structure.The HBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025–2026 is included in the article along with the main topics you will study during the academic year, the course structure, the evaluation system, and practical information.
Students in HBSE Class 12 can access the syllabus for the 2025–2026 academic year here. The syllabus contains details about the 2025–2026 course material, exam format, and question paper design.
DownloadHBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26 here
Haryana Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus: Course Structure 2025-26
Below given is the detailed course structure:
Units | Chapters | Marks |
Book Name - Fundamentals of Human Geography | ||
I. | Ch. 1 - Human Geography Nature and Scope | 5 |
II. | Ch. 2 - Distribution Density and Growth, Ch. 3 - Human Development | 10 |
III. | Ch. 4 - Primary Activities, Ch. 5 - Secondary Activities, Ch. 6 - Tertiary and Quaternary Activities Ch. 7 - Transport and Communication Ch. 8 - International Trade | 9 |
Book Name- India People and Economy | ||
I. | Ch. 1 - Population : Distribution, Density , Growth & Composition | 5 |
II. | Ch. 2 - Human Settlements | 5 |
III. | Ch. 3 - Land Resources and Agriculture, Ch. 4 - Water Resources, Ch. 5 - Minerals and Energy Resources, Ch. 6 - Planning and Sustainable Development in the Context of India | 9 |
IV. | Ch. 7 - Transport & Communication, Ch. 8 - International Trade | 6 |
V | Ch. 9 - Some issues and problems selected in geographical perspective | 5 |
Map Work | 5 | |
Total | 60 | |
Practical Assessment | 20 | |
Internal Assessment | 20 | |
Grand Total | 100 | |
Haryana Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025-26
Below given is the detailed geography syllabus:
Textbook | Chapter | Title | Subtopics |
Fundamentals of Human Geography | 1 | Human Geography: Nature and Scope | Meaning of human geography, nature of human geography, human geography through the corridors of time, fields & sub-fields of human geography, approaches to human geography, temporal evolution of human geography |
2 | Distribution, Density and Growth | Patterns of population distribution in the world, density of population, population growth/change, trends of population growth, impact of population growth, demographic transition theory, measures of population control | |
3 | Human Development | Meaning of growth & development, four pillars of human development, approaches to human development, measuring human development, international comparison | |
4 | Primary Activities | Meaning & types of primary activities, pastoralism, agriculture, meaning of mining, methods of mining, changing trends | |
5 | Secondary Activities | Meaning & types of secondary activities, manufacturing, classification of manufacturing industries, major manufacturing industries in the world | |
6 | Tertiary and Quaternary Activities | Meaning & types of tertiary activities, people engaged in tertiary activities, tourism as an important activity, meaning & types of quaternary activities, digital divide | |
7 | Transport and Communication | Meaning of transport, means of transport, land transport, water transport, air transport, pipelines, information systems | |
8 | International Trade | Meaning of international trade, reasons for existence, basis of trade, volume of trade, balance of trade, types of international trade, WTO, ports as gateways | |
People and Economy of India | 1 | Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Structure | Distribution of population, density of population, increase in population, population structure (linguistic, religious, etc.) |
2 | Human Settlements | Rural settlements - types & distribution, urban settlements - types, distribution & functional classification, development of towns in India | |
3 | Land Resources and Agriculture | Land use categories, changes in land use, agricultural land use in India, problems of Indian agriculture | |
4 | Water Resources | Water resources of India, watershed management, rainwater harvesting | |
5 | Minerals and Energy Resources | Minerals, distribution of minerals, spatial pattern of minerals, energy resources & their types | |
6 | Planning and Sustainable Development in the Context of India | Planning approaches, target area planning, hill area development programme, drought prone area programme, case study – Integrated Tribal Development Project (Bharmour), sustainable development, case study – Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area, measures for promoting sustainable development | |
7 | Transport and Communication | Means of transportation, land transport, rail transport, oil & gas pipelines, water transport, air transport, communication networks | |
8 | International Trade | Changing patterns of India’s international trade, seaports & their hinterland, airports | |
9 | Issues and Problems in Geographical Perspective | Environmental pollution, land degradation, urbanization, slum problems |
Haryana Board 12th Geography 2025-26: Question Paper Design
Check the table below to get to know the Question Paper Pattern of Class 12 Geography of HBSE
Competencies | Marks | % of Marks |
Knowledge | 22 | 37% |
Understanding | 18 | 30% |
Application | 15 | 25% |
Skill | 5 | 8% |
Total | 60 | 100% |
Type of Question | Marks | Number | Description | Total Marks |
Objective Type Question | 1 | 10 | 6 MCQs & 2 One Word Answer Questions & 2 Assertion Reason Question | 10 |
Very Short Answer Question | 2 | 6 | Internal option in any 2 questions | 12 |
Short Answer Question | 3 | 6 | Internal options in all 3 questions | 18 |
Long Answer Type Questions | 5 | 3 | Internal options in all 3 questions | 15 |
Map work (Only related to India) | 5 | 1 | This question will be from the second textbook of Geography "India :- People and economy" | 5 |
Total | 26 | 60 |
