Goa Board Class 10 Social Science Syllabus 2025-26: Download PDF Below

Subject Area / Unit

Chapters & Topics

Detailed Explanation & Learning Outcomes

History (India and the Contemporary World – II)

1. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Explains the growth of nationalism during the 19th century in Europe, including the French Revolution, unification of Italy and Germany, and the emergence of nation-states. Students understand how cultural, economic, and political factors shaped European nationalism.

2. Nationalism in India

Focuses on the freedom struggle in India, including Gandhian movements such as Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, and Quit India. Helps learners connect India’s struggle with global anti-colonial movements.

3. The Making of a Global World

Traces the history of globalization, from ancient trade routes to colonization, industrialization, and the modern global economy. Students learn about the interconnectedness of nations and economic changes across centuries.

4. The Age of Industrialisation

Examines the process of industrialization in Europe and India, covering technological innovations, the rise of factories, labor conditions, and industrial capitalism.

5. Print Culture and the Modern World

Highlights the role of print technology in spreading ideas, reform movements, and nationalism. Students learn how print culture transformed society, literacy, and political movements.

6. Work, Life and Leisure (Optional)

Discusses the growth of cities, urban lifestyles, working conditions, and the cultural transformation brought about by industrialization and urbanization.

Geography (Contemporary India – II)

1. Resources and Development

Studies classification of resources (natural, human, renewable, non-renewable), sustainable development, resource planning, and land-use patterns in India.

2. Forest and Wildlife Resources

Focuses on biodiversity, conservation methods, deforestation, and community-based resource management. Emphasizes the need for ecological balance.

3. Water Resources

Covers sources of freshwater, multi-purpose river valley projects, water scarcity, and the importance of water conservation methods like rainwater harvesting.

4. Agriculture

Explains cropping patterns in India, types of farming (subsistence, intensive, commercial), major crops (food crops and cash crops), Green Revolution, and issues related to agriculture.

5. Minerals and Energy Resources

Deals with metallic and non-metallic minerals, conventional and non-conventional energy sources, and their distribution in India. Encourages awareness about sustainable energy usage.

6. Manufacturing Industries

Explains the importance of industries, industrial regions in India, types of industries (textile, iron and steel, IT, chemical), and challenges of industrial pollution.

7. Lifelines of National Economy

Covers transport (roadways, railways, waterways, pipelines, airways), communication systems, and international trade. Highlights how these sectors support economic growth.

Political Science (Democratic Politics – II)

1. Power Sharing

Explains the concept of power sharing, case studies of Belgium and Sri Lanka, and the significance of accommodating diversity in democracy.

2. Federalism

Discusses the federal structure in India, division of powers between the Union and State governments, and the role of decentralization through Panchayati Raj.

3. Democracy and Diversity

Focuses on how social divisions such as caste, religion, and ethnicity affect democracy. Promotes the idea of peaceful coexistence and inclusive democracy.

4. Gender, Religion and Caste

Examines social issues related to gender inequality, religious differences, and caste discrimination in India. Encourages equality and secular democratic values.

5. Popular Struggles and Movements

Explains the role of social movements, mass protests, and pressure groups in strengthening democracy. Includes examples of the Nepal movement and Indian contexts.

6. Political Parties

Studies the role, functions, and challenges of political parties in India, types of party systems, and reforms needed for strengthening democracy.

7. Outcomes of Democracy

Evaluates the effectiveness of democracy in delivering development, reducing inequality, and ensuring rights. Helps students critically assess democracy’s strengths and limitations.

8. Challenges to Democracy

Highlights issues such as corruption, communalism, and lack of transparency. Encourages students to think of reforms and solutions to make democracy more effective.

Economics (Understanding Economic Development)

1. Development

Introduces the concept of development, per capita income, human development indicators, and the importance of sustainable development.

2. Sectors of the Indian Economy

Discusses the role of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors in India’s economy. Emphasizes employment, GDP contribution, and interdependence of sectors.

3. Money and Credit

Explains modern forms of money, role of banks, formal and informal credit sources, and the importance of financial literacy in everyday life.

4. Globalisation and the Indian Economy

Covers economic liberalization, globalization, and the role of multinational corporations (MNCs). Students analyze how globalization impacts trade, industry, and local markets.

5. Consumer Rights

Focuses on consumer rights, responsibilities, and legal measures for consumer protection. Students understand the role of consumer awareness in ensuring fair trade practices.