Science helps us understand how the world around us works—from how plants grow to how machines run. The CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus for 2025–26 is made to help students learn these ideas in a clear and practical way. It covers both theory and hands-on experiments so students don’t just memorize facts, but actually understand how things work in real life. This approach also helps students improve their thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving skills—important for both exams and everyday life.
The syllabus follows the CBSE board exam guidelines and is designed to make learning easier and more interesting. It focuses on learning by doing, so students stay curious and involved. This also helps them feel more confident as they prepare for their board exams.
CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26 PDF Download
Students preparing for the CBSE Class 10 Science exam in 2025–26 can download the complete syllabus in PDF format for easy reference and preparation. The syllabus includes detailed chapter-wise topics, marking scheme, exam pattern, and list of practicals to help students plan their studies effectively. Accessing the PDF ensures that students stay aligned with the official curriculum throughout the academic year.
CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025–26: Unit-wise Weightage
There are five main sections in the Class 10 Science syllabus. These include topics on materials around us, life processes, natural events, technology, and the environment. Each part helps students build a strong base for future studies in science. Below, you’ll find the complete syllabus details, including the chapter-wise marks, exam pattern, and other useful information for CBSE Class 10 Science 2025–26.
| Unit No. | Title | Marks |
| I | Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour | 25 |
| II | World of Living | 25 |
| III | Natural Phenomena | 12 |
| IV | Effects of Current | 13 |
| V | Natural Resources | 5 |
| Total (Theory) | 80 | |
| Internal Assessment | 20 | |
| Grand Total | 100 |
What’s New in the CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025–26?
Science is everywhere — from the air we breathe to the gadgets we use. That’s why the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus for 2025–26 is made to not just teach facts but to help you understand how things work in real life.
Instead of jumping between topics randomly, this syllabus follows a clear theme-based approach so that it’s easier to learn and stay curious.
Balanced Learning
The syllabus makes sure your brain gets a full workout — not just through reading, but also through problem-solving and thinking creatively. Here's how your efforts are expected to be divided:
| Type of Learning | Weightage |
| Understanding concepts clearly | 50% |
| Applying those concepts | 30% |
| Thinking analytically & creatively | 20% |
This means: It’s not just about cramming—you’ll need to understand, apply, and think.
Practical Work
Learning science isn’t just about reading textbooks. That’s why the CBSE has included 14 interesting experiments in the practical section. These are directly connected to the theory topics and help you build useful skills like observing carefully, thinking logically, and drawing correct conclusions.
| Practical Work Highlights | Details |
| Total Experiments | 14 |
| Focus | Observing, interpreting, reasoning |
| Linked With | Theoretical chapters in the syllabus |
So, whether you're experimenting with light or mixing chemicals, you’ll get to experience how science works with your own hands.
Theme-Based Topics
To make learning smoother, the syllabus is split into simple themes. These help group related topics together so you see the bigger picture. Here are some of the main themes:
- Materials – Things like acids, bases, metals, and carbon compounds.
- The World of Living – Life processes, reproduction, and heredity.
- Natural Phenomena – Light, electricity, and magnetic effects.
- Technology & Environment – Real-world science and environmental awareness.
This new approach not only helps students do well in exams but also makes science enjoyable and more meaningful. Whether you’re aiming to score high or just understand the world better, this syllabus supports both.
What You’ll Learn in Class 10 Science (2025–26)
The CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus covers some really exciting and important areas of science — all designed to help you not only score well but also understand how things work in real life.
Here’s a quick look at what you’ll be learning in each subject area:
| Subject Area | Topics You Will Study |
| Chemistry | Acids, bases, and salts, metals and non-metals, carbon compounds, and chemical reactions |
| Biology | Life processes, reproduction, control and coordination, heredity, and evolution |
| Physics | Light (reflection and refraction), electricity, magnetic effects of current, optics |
| Environmental Science | Ecosystems, pollution, natural resources, and sustainable living practices |
These topics are designed to help you understand the science behind everyday things — from how your body works to why electricity powers your home.
CBSE Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025–26 (Unit-wise Table)
| Unit | Theme | Weightage | Topics Covered |
| Unit I | Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour | 25 Marks | - Chemical Reactions and Equations: Balanced chemical equations, Types (Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double displacement, Precipitation), Endothermic & Exothermic reactions, Oxidation & Reduction. - Acids, Bases and Salts: Definitions (H⁺, OH⁻), Indicators, Properties, Uses, Neutralization, pH scale (log), Importance of pH, Preparation and uses of NaOH, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda, Plaster of Paris. - Metals and Non-metals: Properties, Reactivity Series, Ionic compounds, Metallurgical processes, Corrosion & prevention. - Carbon and its Compounds: Covalent bonds, Hydrocarbons (Saturated/Unsaturated), Homologous series, Nomenclature (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, functional groups), Properties (Combustion, Oxidation, Addition, Substitution), Ethanol, Ethanoic acid, Soaps & Detergents. |
| Unit II | World of Living | 25 Marks | - Life Processes: Nutrition, Respiration, Transport, Excretion in plants and animals. - Control and Coordination: Tropic movements, Plant hormones, Nervous system (voluntary, involuntary, reflex), Animal hormones. - Reproduction: Asexual & Sexual reproduction in plants and animals, Reproductive health, Family planning, Safe sex, HIV/AIDS, Childbearing & women’s health. - Heredity and Evolution: Mendel’s work, Inheritance laws, Sex determination (intro). |
| Unit III | Natural Phenomena | 12 Marks | - Reflection of Light: Spherical mirrors, Image formation, Mirror formula (no derivation), Magnification. - Refraction of Light: Laws, Refractive index, Spherical lenses, Image formation, Lens formula (no derivation), Power of lens. - The Human Eye: Structure, Defects & correction. - Prism and Dispersion: Refraction through prism, Dispersion, Scattering of light, Applications. |
| Unit IV | Effects of Current | 13 Marks | - Electric Current: Potential difference, Ohm’s law, Resistance, Resistivity, Series & Parallel combination, Applications. - Heating Effect of Current: Applications, Electric power, P = VI and related formulas. - Magnetic Effects of Current: Magnetic fields, Field lines, Solenoid, Force on conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, AC vs DC, Domestic circuits. |
| Unit V | Natural Resources | 5 Marks | - Our Environment: Ecosystem, Environmental issues, Ozone depletion, Waste solutions, Biodegradable vs non-biodegradable substances. |
CBSE 10th Science Practical Syllabus 2026
| Category | Details |
| Total Internal Assessment Marks | 20 Marks |
| Breakup of Internal Assessment | - Periodic Assessment: 10 Marks (5 + 5) - Practical Work / Subject Enrichment: 5 Marks - Portfolio: 5 Marks |
| Number of Experiments | 15 experiments (Physics, Chemistry, Biology) |
| Assessment Emphasis | - Observation and reporting - Experimental accuracy - Record-keeping and practical file - Analytical thinking and interpretation |
Here's the Practical Syllabus for CBSE Class 10 Science (2025–26), organized in a simple table format to help students understand the experiments and their objectives. These practicals are designed to strengthen core concepts through hands-on learning.
| Experiment no. | Title of Experiment | Objective/Skills Developed |
| 1 | Perform and observe the reactions of: - Zinc with dilute sulphuric acid - Iron nail with copper sulphate solution - Sodium sulphate with barium chloride | To study different types of chemical reactions (displacement, double displacement, etc.) |
| 2 | Test the pH of: - Dilute HCl - Dilute NaOH - Lemon juice - Water - Sodium bicarbonate solution | To understand acidity/alkalinity and use of indicators like litmus, phenolphthalein, and universal indicator |
| 3 | Properties of acids and bases using HCl and NaOH | To identify physical and chemical properties (e.g., reaction with metals, carbonates) |
| 4 | Preparation of: - Soap using oil and NaOH | To learn saponification process and understand cleansing action |
| 5 | Observe the action of Zn, Fe, Cu, Al on salt solutions | To study reactivity series of metals |
| 6 | Determination of focal length of: - Concave mirror - Convex lens | To apply ray diagrams and lens/mirror formulas practically |
| 7 | Trace the path of light through a rectangular glass slab | To understand refraction and lateral displacement |
| 8 | Trace the path of light through a prism | To study dispersion of light |
| 9 | Study the properties of: - Binary fission in Amoeba - Budding in yeast (through slides) | To understand asexual modes of reproduction |
| 10 | Study the structure of: - Onion peel (plant cell) - Human cheek cell (animal cell) using a microscope | To differentiate between plant and animal cells |
| 11 | Identification of different parts of a dicot seed | To understand seed structure and germination process |
| 12 | Experiment on Ohm’s Law | To verify the relation between potential difference and current |
| 13 | Identify series and parallel combination of resistors | To explore different circuit arrangements and their effects |
| 14 | Study the magnetic field lines using iron filings | To visualize magnetic field around current-carrying conductors and bar magnets |
