The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) has officially released the ISC Class 12 Economics Syllabus for the academic year 2025–26. The syllabus is based on both Microeconomics and Macroeconomics with a clear focus on the Indian economic perspective. The article above provides the full breakdown of theory and project work, as well as the marking scheme and suggested writing topics. The students can also download the ISC Economics Syllabus 2025-26 PDF from the official CISCE website.
ISC 12th Economics Syllabus 2025-26 PDF Download
Students can download the official ISC Class 12 Economics syllabus from cisce.org under the "Publications" or "Academic" section or even get it from the link provided below:
Click here to download ISC 12th Economics Syllabus 2026 PDF
ISC Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2025-26: Overview
| Component | Details |
| Paper I | Theory – 80 Marks |
| Paper II | Project Work – 20 Marks |
| Total Marks | 100 |
| Exam Duration | 3 Hours (Paper I) |
| Reference | Indian Economy context-based |
ISC 12th Economics Detailed Syllabus 2025–26
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Key Topics Covered |
| 1 | Microeconomic Theory | - Demand: Law of Demand, Demand Function, Utility Analysis (Cardinal & Ordinal), Market Demand - Elasticity of Demand: Price, income, cross elasticity (with diagrams), percentage method numericals - Supply: Law of Supply, Stock vs Supply, Elasticity of Supply - Market Mechanism: Price equilibrium, effects of shifts, price control, ceiling & floor price - Production & Costs: Law of Variable Proportions, types of cost/revenue, short & long-run cost curves - Market Forms: Perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic, oligopoly, monopsony |
| 2 | Theory of Income and Employment | - Ex-ante and ex-post demand - Aggregate Demand (AD) & Aggregate Supply (AS) - Multiplier effect (with diagram) - Full employment, excess & deficient demand with remedies |
| 3 | Money and Banking | - Money: Meaning, functions, M0–M4 measures, inflation (demand-pull, cost-push) - Banking: Functions of commercial banks, credit creation, central bank tools (CRR, SLR, repo rate, OMOs) |
| 4 | Balance of Payments and Exchange Rate | - Components of BOP - Causes of disequilibrium - Exchange rate determination - Fixed vs Flexible exchange rates - Depreciation and appreciation of currency |
| 5 | Public Finance | - Fiscal Policy: Revenue, expenditure, public debt, deficit financing - Budget: Capital & revenue components, Union & State Budget - Types of deficits: Fiscal, Revenue, Primary |
| 6 | National Income | - Circular flow (2, 3, and 4-sector models) - GDP, GNP, NNP, Personal Income, Real vs Nominal GDP - Measurement Methods: Product, Income, Expenditure (with simple numericals) - Precautions & difficulties in measurement |
ISC Class 12 Economics Paper Marking Scheme 2026
| Unit No. | Topic | Marks |
| 1 | Microeconomic Theory | 40 |
| 1(i) | Demand | 16 |
| 1(ii–iv) | Elasticity, Supply, Market | 12 |
| 1(v–vii) | Production, Cost, Market Forms | 12 |
| 2 | Theory of Income & Employment | 8 |
| 3 | Money and Banking | 8 |
| 4 | Balance of Payments & Exchange | 6 |
| 5 | Public Finance | 6 |
| 6 | National Income | 12 |
| Total | 80 |
ISC Economics Project Work 2025–26 – 20 Marks
Students must complete two projects on any topics from the theory syllabus. Evaluation is done by the subject teacher and an external visiting examiner.
Marking Scheme (Per Project)
| Criteria | Marks |
| Overall Format | 1 |
| Content | 4 |
| Findings | 2 |
| Viva Voce (by examiner) | 3 |
| Total (Per Project) | 10 |
Suggested Project Topics
| S. No. | Project Title |
| 1 | Study of a Public Sector Enterprise and its 10-year growth |
| 2 | Socio-economic survey of 30 households: demographics, consumption, occupation |
| 3 | Sector-wise GDP contribution during planning period |
| 4 | Competition in Aviation Sector: Public vs Private, strategies of budget airlines |
| 5 | Lending performance of 5 banks vs changing CRR/SLR |
| 6 | Depletion of natural resources and economic growth (PPC analysis) |
| 7 | Budget allocation trends over 10 years (Agriculture, Defence, Industry, Education) |
| 8 | 10-year trend analysis of an industry (Textile/Auto/Telecom etc.) |
ISC 12th Economics Exams 2026: Preparation Tips
- Link all concepts with actual Indian economic examples.
- Use diagrams for illustrative purposes where possible, especially in Microeconomics.
- Practice utility numerical problems that utilize elasticity, national income methods, and the calculation of the multiplier.
- Select project themes that draw on real-time data so you have appropriate examples that will allow you to analyse.
