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Home > News & Articles > Normality and Its Formula - Definition, Formula, Calculation (Solved Example
Updated on 27th March, 2023 , 5 min read
Normality is a term that used to calculate the concentration of a solution in chemistry. The equivalent concentration of a solution is another name for this term, which is often abbreviated as "N." It is primarily used to measure reactive species in a solution, as part of titration reactions, and in situations where acid-base chemistry is involved.
The amount of grams or mole equivalents of solute present in a solution that contains one liter is what is referred to as normality according to the accepted definition. It is the number of moles of reactive units in a compound that we refer to as equivalent.
Normality controls a given solution's concentration during a given chemical reaction. In other words, the number of grams of solute equivalents present in each liter of solution is a definition of normality.
Normality is often denoted by the letter N..
For a chemical solution, there are some situations where normality and its formula are preferred to molarity or another concentration unit.
It is critical to count the number of equivalents that have been formed when calculating equivalents or reactant weights. Normally, you have to take into account a material's valence, molecular mass, and whether it dissociates or dissolves completely.
Two significant and commonly utilized terms in chemistry are normality and molarity. They are applied to denote a substance's quantitative measurement. In this section we will discuss about the relationship between normality and morality.
Morality is a chemical unit of concentration, similar to normalcy. The molecular weight of a solute per litre of solution is known as molarity. It also goes by the name "molar concentration." Molarity, such as dissociation or equilibrium constants, is frequently used in the determination of pH.
The molarity formula is as follows:
Molarity (M) = No. of moles of solute × [volume of the solution in litres]-1
Nonetheless, they are related as follows:
If we discuss the connection, normality includes molarity. While normality is used for more complex calculations, primarily in establishing a one-to-one relationship between acids and bases, molarity is the first step in calculating the total volume or concentration of solutions:
Normality = [Molarity × Molar mass] × [Equivalent mass]-1
However, in this case, we have to find the basicity of the solution as well. The amount of H+ ions that the acid molecule can donate can be counted by the students. To determine the normality of bases, use the following formula:
Normality = Molarity × Basicity
The number of OH-1 ions that a base molecule can donate can be used to calculate the acidity of a solution. We can use the following formula to determine the normality for acids:
Normality = Molarity × Acidity
We can also convert molarity to normality by applying the above equation.
N = M × number of equivalents
The table below are the differences between normality and molarity.
|
Normality |
Molarity |
|
Normality is also known an=s equivalent concentration |
Morality is known as molar concentration. |
|
Its definition is the quantity of grams equivalent per liter of solution. |
It is described as the quantity of moles in one litre of solution. |
|
The gram equivalent is calculated using normality in relation to the entire volume of the solution. |
It is used to calculate the mole ratio in the solution's overall volume by counting the number of moles in the solution. |
|
N or eq L-1 are the units of normality |
M or Moles L-1 is the unit of morality |
Three common situations are where normality is most frequently used:
To get more accurate results or to avoid using mole ratios in calculations, many chemists use normality in acid-base chemistry. Although normality is frequently used in precipitation and redox reactions, it has some drawbacks. These limitations are as follows:
Q1. Suppose there are 5.300g of sodium carbonate per liter in the solution. Find the normality of solution
Step 1: Determine how many protons sodium carbonate reacts with. In this case, there are two protons. Answer is 2 protons
Step 2: Find the moles = 105.99g/mol ( Ues Molecular weight )
Step 3: Here formula 1 will be applicable
number of protons here =2
Moles = 105.99g/mol
5.300g/L solution
Hence Normality = 2 X 5.300g/105.99g/mol
=0.1000
Hence normality of the given solution =0.1000 N
Q2.Determine the normality of a 500 ml solution that contains 0.5 g of dissolved NaOH.
Solution:
Calculation of normality
Since NaOH is monoacidic;
Eq. wt. of NaOH = Mol. wt. of NaOH = 40
∴ 0.5 g of NaOH
=0.540
=0.540 g equivalents = 0.0125 gram equivalents
Thus 500 ml of the solution contain NaOH = 0.0125 g equiv.
∴ 1000 ml of the solution contain
= 0.0125
=500 ×1000=0.025
=0.0125500×1000=0.025
Hence normality of the solution = 0.025 N
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Morality is defined as the number of moles of solute per litre of solution, whereas normality is defined as the number of grammes equivalent of solute per litre of solution. Furthermore, while normality measures the gramme equivalent in relation to the total volume of the solution, whereas molarity measures the moles in relation to the whole volume of the solution.
The amount of solute combined with the specified amount of solvent or solution is expressed by the solution’s concentration. The given concentrated solution contains a sizable amount of dissolved solute. The amount of dissolved solute is relatively tiny in the dilute solution.
The term "molarity" refers to the quantity of a solute measured in moles per litre of a solution. It is written as "M." The term "molarity" is also used to describe a solution’s molar concentration. Molarity is expressed in SI units as mol/liter. Per mole in this context refers to 1 mole of the solution.
The term "normality" is used to describe how concentrated a specific solution is. It is calculated as the number of grammes of solute that are dissolved in one litre of solution. We refer to this as normality. Its symbol is "N." Grams per litre is the SI unit used for this.
Normality is equal to the solute equivalents (solution volume). Be aware that the solution volume must be expressed in litres. How many protons are given or accepted is equal to an acid or basic. How many electrons are sent or received is the equivalent of redox.
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